Smoking is not mentioned as a risk factor for CHD.
Gary K.

http://www.physorg.com/news118946558.html

Lack of vitamin D may increase heart disease risk

The same vitamin D deficiency that can result in weak bones now has been associated with an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease, Framingham Heart Study researchers report in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association.

“Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, above and beyond established cardiovascular risk factors,” said Thomas J. Wang, M.D., assistant professor of medicine at Harvard
Medical School in Boston, Mass. “The higher risk associated with vitamin D deficiency was particularly evident among individuals with high blood pressure.”

In a study of 1,739 offspring from Framingham Heart Study participants (average age 59, all Caucasian), researchers found that those with blood levels of vitamin D below15 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) had twice the risk of a cardiovascular event such as a heart attack, heart failure or stroke in the next five years
compared to those with higher levels of vitamin D.

When researchers adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as high cholesterol, diabetes and high blood pressure, the risk remained significant with a 62 percent higher risk of a cardiovascular event in participants with low levels of vitamin D compared to those with higher levels.


More on the same subject from the same study:

http://www.americansmokersparty-illinois.org/
HEART DISEASE
What about heart disease,then? It's on the cigarette packet in capital letters: SMOKING CAUSES HEART DISEASE.

The most authoritative study on this is certainly the Framingham Heart Study, which is known as the Rolls Royce of studies. In this town in Massachusetts, 5,127 men and women have been studied since 1948. They have had the fullest details taken on their health and life-style, and have been checked every two years.

Dr. Seltzer of Harvard University discusses this study at length in 'Framingham Study Data and "Established Wisdom" about Cigarette Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease', Journal of Critical Epidemiology 42, no. 8 (1989).

The results of the study show that there is no relationship between smoking and heart disease in women except a very slight favorable one (women who smoke have a very slightly lower rate of angina, not statistically significant).

For men, the relative risk starts at 1.3 in smokers of forty or more cigarettes a day. Remember, the risk ratio of 2 has been designated the lower boundary of a weak association, so this means in fact a non-significant association. This risk went down to exactly one, that is, no risk at all, as the subjects aged.

When information about certain of the other 300 risk factors for heart disease were taken into account, the relationship between smoking and heart disease was lost.

More recent results from the "Framingham Study", this done by doctors at Northwestern Univ.'s Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago.

This was published in "Circulation" the journal of the American Heart Association.
First Lifetime Heart Disease Risk Assessment Developed. Monday,February 06, 2006

Just more than half of men and 40 percent of women at age 50 in the U.S. will develop cardiovascular disease during their lifetime. But researchers say the danger is much greater for people who have multiple risk factors for heart disease by age 50.

When the researchers calculated the impact of modifiable risk factors such as body weight, smoking history, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure, they found that: --Smokers and nonsmokers had similar lifetime risks for cardiovascular disease.
The study appears in the Feb. 14 issue of the American Heart Association journal' Circulation.'

SOURCES: Lloyd-Jones, D.M. Circulation, Feb. 14, 2006, vol. 113: online. Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, department of preventive medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago.

This message has been edited. Last edited by: gkayser30,

10 minutes per day of direct sun light will cut your risks for many diseases (Mike Adams, the Health Ranger, says 3 hours per week).

That's something big pharma doesn't want you know, they can't produce it, bottle it, sell it; it is FREE for all, and usually available to ALL.

There was even an article a couple of years back about the rise in skin cancer coinciding with the rise in sun-block sales/use.

Edited for a mistake. LOL

Ever wondered how much of a cigarette's smoke we actually inhale?

Research using myself as the test subject:

There are about 28 puffs per cigarette(5 cigarette average).

I smoke 6 puffs per cigarette(10 cigarette average).

Mainstream inhalation is 21% of the total cigarette smoke(6 divided by 28).

I breathe 9 breaths per minute plus 1 smoke inhalation per minute.

Breathing in averages about 1.5 seconds.

Smoke inhalation is about 2 seconds.

Inhaling/breathing in take about 15.5 seconds per minute or about 25%, about 75% of the smoking minute is spent exhaling or between breaths.

At two feet from an ashtray, SHS seems to dissipate to about 16% of it's original density.

(Note:smoke coming from the tip of a cigarette is a hot gas. Hot gases will expand to fill the space around the point of origin. 4ft x 4ft x ft = 64 cubic ft.thus,smoke will be 1/64th as dense or 1.6% as dense. I went to 16% to err on the side of caution and to make the math easier.)

I breath in only 25% of the time and thus get about 4% of the SHS.

Mainstream smoke of 21% plus SHS of 4% means that I inhale about 25% of the total smoke from a cigarette.

What does this mean in the real world?

Please consider these facts.

According to a study done for the 'Mass. Dept. of Health', the total smoke(mainstream and sidestream) from a cigarette contains 32 nanograms (ng) (ppb) of Arsenic.

I inhale 25% of this or about 8ng per cigarette.

The EPA says that a level of Arsenic equal to 10 ppb(ng) in drinking water is safe. This is 10ng per gram. There are 28.35 grams per ounce;thus 283.5 ng per ounce is a safe level of exposure to Arsenic.

An 8oz glass of water could safely contain 2,268ng of Arsenic.

I would have to smoke 283.5 cigarettes to inhale enough Arsenic to be equal to the safe amount of Arsenic that the EPA allows in drinking water.

That's a pack a day for 2 weeks!!

The FDA's safe level for Arsenic in eggs is 500ppb(ng).

This is 14,175 ng per ounce.

An egg weighs about 2oz and could safely contain 28,350ng of Arsenic.

At 8ng per cigarette, I would have to smoke 3,544 cigarettes to equal the amount of Arsenic the FDA says is safe in an egg.

At a pack a day that would be 177 packs of cigarettes or about 25 weeks(over 6 months)worth.

A non-smoker sitting 2ft from a cigarette in an ashtray would be exposed to the same 4% of the SHS as the smoker and thus be exposed to 1/4th the total amount of smoke as the smoker.

That non-smoker would have to be exposed to the SHS from 1,134 cigarettes to equal to the safe amount of Arsenic in a glass of water and 14,176 cigarettes to equal the safe amount of Arsenic in one egg.
(Note: their actual exposure is way less nad the cigarette equivalent much,much higher. I just do not know how to figure it out. )

However, The surgeon General said there is no 'safe level of exposure' to SHS and we now have a smoking ban in Illinois to show for it.

This message has been edited. Last edited by: gkayser30,

quote:

Originally posted by gkayser30:

There are about 28 puffs per cigarette(5 cigarette average).

I smoke 6 puffs per cigarette(10 cigarette average).

Mainstream inhalation is 21% of the total cigarette smoke(6 divided by 28).

I breathe 9 breaths per minute plus 1 smoke inhalation per minute.

I smoke way different than you. I probably take 4 drags on a cigarette just in the 1st minute. And when I get down to the last 1/2 inch or so I probably get 3-5 drags in. I never noticed how I smoke them in the middle. I just had one and will have to experiment later. LOL